Study Guide for the final exam
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Stellar Evolution: 
Main sequence stars (H->He nuclear fusion)
Red giants
Low and intermediate mass stars, Planetary Nebula
High mass stars; fusion of chemical elements up to Iron
Supernova from massive stars 
Supernova from explosion of White Dwarfs in binary systems 
Stellar corpses:
White Dwarfs, electron degeneracy pressure
Neutron Stars, neutron degeneracy pressure, pulsars
Black Holes, event horizon, escape velocity
Accretion disks,  X-ray binaries
Nuclear fusion vs. nuclear fission
Relativity; speed of light 
Milky Way Galaxy: disk, bulge, globular clusters
Spiral arms, 21 cm line of neutral Hydrogen
Interstellar medium, star-gas-star cycle, dust obscuration 
Center of our Galaxy, supermassive black hole
Galaxies: Spirals, Ellipticals, Irregulars
Distances to galaxies: Cepheids (& other variable stars),
   Main Sequence Fitting, White Dwarf Supernova, Hubble Law
Hubble constant, the expansion age of the Unvierse
Cosmological Principle
Observable Universe
Fate of the Universe: expand forever
Masses of galaxies: rotation curves, gravitational lensing
Dark Matter: WIMPs and MACHOs; grav. microlensing in the Galaxy
Collisions and mergers of galaxies
Local Group of galaxies
Supermassive Black Holes in the centers of other galaxies
Quasars: accretion disks and jets
Early Universe; Production of Helium (Big-bang Nucleosynthesis)
Cosmic Microwave Background; 
Accelerated expansion of the Universe and Dark Energy